39±0.23 and 0.15±0.10). The method integrating the biaxial/SALS technique was validated, allowing for real-time synchronization between mechanical and microstructural analysis of anisotropic biological tissues.The biological effects of a light-emitting diode (LED) light therapy device are determined by irradiation parameters, mainly wavelength and power density. However, using a battery to provide power causes a problem in the variation of LED power density during battery discharge. As a result, maintaining a stable LED power density, along with extending battery life and operating time, are the primary concerns in designing a LED light therapy device. The present study aims to introduce a LED light therapy device design with different LED color power density control. A Fuzzy logic, based on the relationship between LED power density and operating time, was proposed to control constant power density in this design. The experimental results demonstrate that by using the designed controller, the LED light therapy device's power density (40 mW/cm2, 50 mW/cm2, 60 mW/cm2 for red, blue, and green light, respectively) can be controlled. The newly designed LED light therapy device could be considered an advanced version with energy savings and stabilized LED power emitting property under a broad range voltage variation.The helical axis of motion (HAM), which describes the simultaneous multiplanar translations and rotations that occur within a joint, has been proposed as a single measure to characterize dynamic joint function. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gc7-sulfate.html The objective of this study was to determine the tibiofemoral HAM during 5 discrete phases of gait. Thirty-nine knees from 20 healthy adults were imaged using high-speed biplane radiography during treadmill walking. The primary outcome measures were the intersection of the HAM with the sagittal plane of the femur, and the direction of the HAM. The intersection point translated an average of 12.7 ± 5.5% of femur condyle depth in the anterior-posterior direction and 28.6 ± 13.3% of femur condyle height in the proximal-distal direction during gait. The anterior/posterior and proximal/distal components of the HAM vector were greater during stance (5.6°±3.8° and 11.1°±5.0°, respectively) than during swing (2.0°±1.1° and 6.4°±3.8°, respectively) (p less then 0.001) reflecting greater coupled rotations during stance. No significant side-to-side differences in intersection point location or HAM orientation were found during any of the 5 phases of gait (max difference 4.1 ± 3.4% of femur condyle depth and 13.1 ± 16.7% of femur condyle height; 12.7°±12.3° proximal/distal and 4.2°±4.5° anterior/posterior direction). Loading significantly affected HAM location and orientation (p less then 0.001). Knowledge of healthy knee HAM and typical side-to-side differences during gait can serve as a baseline for evaluating knee motion after clinical interventions.Intra-stent thrombosis is one of the major failure modes of popliteal aneurysm endovascular repair, especially when the diseased arterial segment is long and requires overlapping stent-grafts having different nominal diameters in order to accommodate the native arterial tapering. However, the interplay between stent sizing, post-operative arterial tortuosity, luminal diameter, local hemodynamics, and thrombosis onset is not elucidated, yet. In the present study, a popliteal aneurysm was treated with endovascular deployment of two overlapped stent-grafts, showing intra-stent thrombosis at one-year follow-up examination. Patient-specific computational fluid-dynamics analyses including straight- and bent-leg position were performed. The computational fluid-dynamics analysis showed that the overlapping of the stent-grafts induces a severe discontinuity of lumen, dividing the stented artery in two regions the proximal part, affected by thrombosis, is characterized by larger diameter, low tortuosity, low flow velocity, low helicity, and low wall shear stress; the distal part presents higher tortuosity and smaller lumen diameter promoting higher flow velocity, higher helicity, and higher wall shear stress. Moreover, leg bending induces an overall increase of arterial tortuosity and reduces flow velocity promoting furtherly the luminal area exposed to low wall shear stress.Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in loss of the ability to keep the trunk erect and stable while seated. Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) can cause muscles paralyzed by SCI to contract and assist with trunk stability. We have extended the results of a previously reported threshold-based controller for restoring upright posture using FNS in the sagittal plane to more challenging displacements of the trunk in the coronal plane. The system was applied to five individuals with mid-thoracic or higher SCI, and in all cases the control system successfully restored upright sitting. The potential of the control system to maintain posture in forward-sideways (diagonal) directions was also tested in three of the subjects. In all cases, the controller successfully restored posture to erect. Clinically, these results imply that a simple, threshold based control scheme can restore upright sitting from forward, lateral or diagonal leaning without a chest strap; and that removal of barriers to upper extremity interaction with the surrounding environment could potentially allow objects to be more readily retrieved from around the wheelchair. Technical performance of the system was assessed in terms of three variables response time, recovery time and percent maximum deviation from erect. Overall response and recovery times varied widely among subjects in the coronal plane (415±213 ms and 1381±883 ms, respectively) and in the diagonal planes (530±230 ms and 1800±820 ms, respectively). Average response time was significantly lower (p less then 0.05) than the recovery time in all cases. The percent maximum deviation from erect was of the order of 40% or less for 9 out of 10 cases in the coronal plane and 5 out of 6 cases in diagonal directions.Previous studies suggested that, during mastication, magnitude and location of mechanical load in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) might depend on chewing side and bolus size. Aim of this study was to dynamically measure the TMJ space while chewing on standardized boluses to assess the relationship among minimum intra-articular distances (MID), their location on the condylar surface, bolus size, and chewing side. Mandibular movements of 12 participants (6f, 24±1y.o.; 6 m, 28±6y.o.) were tracked optoelectronically while chewing unilaterally on rubber boluses of 15 × 15 × 5, 15 × 15 × 10, and 15 × 15 × 15 mm3 size. MID and their location along the main condylar axis were determined with dynamic stereometry. MID were normalized on the intra-articular distance in centric occlusion. Repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05) showed that MID were smaller on the balancing (0.74±0.19) than on the working condyle (0.89±0.16) independently of bolus size (p less then 0.0001). MIDs did not differ between 5 and 10 mm bolus thicknesses (0.